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Behçet's disease

We are a European reference center for the diagnosis and treatment of Behçet's autoimmune disease.

What is Behçet's disease?

Behçet's disease, also known as Behçet's syndrome, is a chronic, autoimmune, and rare disorder of unknown cause. This disorder originates from the inflammation of blood vessels throughout the body, and its manifestations or symptoms appear to be unrelated.

Systemic vasculitis results in lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, affecting the eyes, mouth, or genitals. These symptoms are painful and can extend to the joints, intestines, and the central and peripheral nervous systems.

This autoimmune disease appears between the ages of 20 and 40 and its progression is gradual, although symptoms may appear intermittently, with more acute periods and others of remission. Regardless of the duration of the symptoms, this disease severely compromises the quality of life of patients and can even lead to blindness.

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Causes of Behçet's disease

As with other autoimmune diseases, there is no known cause for the origin of the disease. It is believed to appear in genetically predisposed individuals who are exposed to an external agent, likely a bacterium. Patients with the disease often have defects in their immunological system, which fails to fulfill its function of defending the body against infectious agents such as viruses and bacteria, and promotes the onset of the disease.
It has been studied that people with Behçet's disease have a higher frequency of a type of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) than the rest of the population, which could indicate a greater predisposition to suffer from the disease. HLA is a set of molecules whose function is to recognize what is foreign to the body and initiate the immune response. Its structure determines the acceptance of tissues in transplants and has also been related to a higher probability of autoimmune diseases, including Behçet's syndrome.

Symptoms of Behçet's disease

Behçet's disease is a multisystemic pathology whose symptoms vary from person to person, but whose common characteristic is ulcers. These ulcers are painful, superficial or deep, round or oval, and may have a white or yellow base with a red halo.

  • The mouth and genitals are the areas of the body where they appear most frequently, although it is also common for this disease to present ulcers in the eyes, lesions on the skin, or arthritis.
  • Ulcers in the mouth or genitals
  • Ocular inflammation
  • Skin lesions are more frequent among women.
  • Joint pain
  • Recurrent ulcers in the digestive tract
  • Symptoms of the central nervous system are less frequent.
  • Vasculitis: it is estimated that this is the first symptom of the disease and from which the rest of the symptoms derive. Inflammation of the large veins, particularly those in the legs, can occur along with the formation of blood clots (thrombophlebitis). The walls of an involved artery may become inflamed and form small sacs (aneurysms). In very rare cases, blood clots from the veins travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism), resulting in episodes of chest pain, cough, difficulty or shortness of breath (dyspnea), and coughing up blood (hemoptysis).

Treatment of Behçet's disease

The treatment of Behçet's disease is primarily symptomatic. It is aimed at reducing symptoms and preventing complications. In any case, at Biosalud Day Hospital we always design a personalized treatment for each patient that will combine the different therapeutic techniques of biological medicine.

In addition, we will focus on controlling and eliminating the patient's symptoms, but above all, we monitor the evolution of the disease, because the autoimmune process may not stop in a single tissue, but several autoimmune diseases may overlap in the same patient.

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Specialists in Autoimmune Diseases, LYME disease and treatments oriented to Biological Longevity.

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